As global competition for resources intensifies, African governments are increasingly asserting sovereignty over their mineral wealth through export bans, mandated local processing, and increased state equity. While aimed at driving domestic industrialization, sudden policy shifts can deter the foreign capital required to build these projects. This high-level panel brings together mining ministers, investors, and legal experts to explore how to move past adversarial relations. The discussion will focus on designing flexible, win-win fiscal regimes and stable partnership structures that protect national socio-economic interests while providing the regulatory certainty international investors demand.